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In a saturated market, young companies frequently face daunting challenges. Understanding the blue ocean strategy – creating uncontested market space by ignoring the competition – offers a way out of this predicament.
In this article, we’ll explore blue ocean strategy examples, its benefits and the companies that have successfully implemented it.
What is the blue ocean strategy?
Definition: Blue ocean strategy is a business strategy in which companies enter new, competition-free markets by developing an innovative concept.
Business professors and strategists W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne presented the concept in their book Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant.
The professors developed the strategy using the metaphors of “blue oceans” and “red oceans” to represent the presence of market competition.
Red ocean vs. blue ocean: what’s the difference?
The blue ocean strategy is a metaphor for businesses carving out a segment of an unknown market space.
The authors use the metaphor of a red ocean as a contrast to help clarify the blue ocean strategy’s meaning.
The red ocean represents a known market universe with fierce competition. It’s harder for businesses to stand out and reach profitability here, where cutthroat competition leads to a “red” environment.
In contrast, the blue ocean represents uncontested market spaces where competition is limited or non-existent and businesses that align with customer needs can thrive and grow.
Many predators (competitors) fight each other in the red oceans, while the fish in the blue oceans swim peacefully without affecting each other’s growth.
Key differences between the blue ocean and red ocean strategies include:
Blue ocean strategy |
Red ocean strategy |
Companies enter a new market space with (almost) no competition |
Companies must prove themselves against numerous competitors in the existing market boundaries |
Innovation is the key differentiator |
Competitors are differentiated mainly by the cost-benefit ratio of existing products |
Prices remain relatively stable due to uniqueness |
Low costs determine competitiveness in a known market space |
The target audience customer acquisition requires a fresh start |
New customers must be won over from competitors |
There is little to no competition |
Cutthroat competition is crucial for companies’ survival |
There’s potential for higher profits because there’s less competition |
There’s risk of a shrinking profit pool due to increased competition |
The blue ocean strategy has unique benefits and, if done right, can reward businesses with profitable growth.
Goals and benefits of the blue ocean strategy
Blue ocean strategy aims to carve out new sections within the market.
Taught at INSEAD Business School, this strategy is part of strategic management, advocating that companies shouldn’t compete against each other but instead forge their own path.
To find a new path, companies need to meet two key goals:
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To generate new demand for a problem that customers may not know needs solving
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The simultaneous pursuit of differentiation and low cost (known as value innovation) to make their offering available to a wider audience
To make competition irrelevant, companies must create unique and innovative products. This business development strategy allows them to avoid the pressures of pricing strategies.
While imitators are inevitable, Mauborgne and Kim demonstrated in their Harvard Business Review article that companies could maintain their unique selling proposition for 10 to 15 years using the blue ocean strategy.
Suppose a new business identifies the right customer needs and makes its solution accessible. It can reach profitability sooner and achieve a greater market share than if it stayed in a more competitive space.
The major benefits of the blue ocean strategy include:
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Virtually no competition
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Creation of new demand, thereby attracting a new customer group
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Cost structures are not subjected to competitive pricing, allowing for optimization
Significant innovation leads to high sales volumes without competitive struggles.
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The ERRC grid: steps to an innovation concept
Companies must distance themselves from conventional strategic planning methods to create a new product that withstands competition.
The greatest challenge of the blue ocean strategy is thinking in a completely new direction. The ERRC grid (Eliminate, Reduce, Raise, Create) can help:
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Eliminate. What can you remove that the industry takes for granted?
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Reduce. What can you reduce below the industry standard?
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Raise. What could you raise above the industry standard?
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Create. What new factors could you create?
Here’s a deeper look at each part of the grid:

The grid helps you scrutinize the market competition to pursue differentiation and low cost.
Once you’ve addressed each section, a value curve can help you measure business success by planning individual product features according to their intensity (more on this below).
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How to implement the blue ocean strategy in your business
Implementing a blue ocean strategy to create new market spaces and make competition irrelevant can feel overwhelming if you don’t know where to start.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to implementing the blue ocean strategy :
1. Analyze the current market
Talk to your current and potential customers to better understand the competitive market, existing market conditions and industry norms. Use customer surveys or outreach interviews to learn about customers’ pain points.
For example, ask about experience with and feelings around:
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Cost
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Complexity
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Performance
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Integration
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Support
You can also read industry reviews, forums and case studies for further insights.
Once you understand what your current market is lacking, determine which pain points you could improve.
2. Apply the EERC grid
Visualize your current competitive positioning to refine a value proposition that sets you apart. This is where the EERC grid comes in.
List the key factors your industry competes on, such as features, speed, scalability or price. Do some competitor analysis to plot your values against those of competing companies and identify where you’re similar. Finally, find ways to eliminate, reduce, raise or create new elements.
3. Focus on noncustomers
Find opportunities to create a new market where there is no competition by looking at noncustomers who:
Examine why they don’t buy from anyone in the current market and consider how to attract them to your business.
4. Innovate
Reframe how you deliver value. For example, a SaaS business might offer an API-first design or no-code interfaces to differentiate itself cost-effectively.
Make your offer more accessible, even to smaller or underserved audiences.
For example, the cloud platform Amazon Web Services made enterprise-level infrastructure affordable and scalable with its pay-as-you-go model (more on that below).
5. Execute rapid prototyping and testing
Test your blue ocean idea with your target audience and gather feedback so you can refine your strategy. Use minimal viable products (MVPs) and iterative feedback tracking to validate your new offering with users. Focus on sales metrics like:
Using these measurements, you can see how effective your blue ocean strategy is, whether it appeals to your target audience and find ways to improve your offering.
6. Create compelling marketing
Develop marketing campaigns that communicate the new value proposition. The messaging should be memorable and emotionally resonate with your ideal customer, and it should explain your offering clearly.
For example, rideshare app Uber’s original tagline was “everyone’s private driver”. It then transitioned to “move the way you want” to encompass its expansion into areas such as bike rentals.
7. Scale
Once you’ve validated your differentiator and pinned down your messaging, it’s time to grow your business. Build partnerships, IP and network effects to protect your market space.
Keep innovating, too. Blue oceans don’t last forever – companies must continue to evolve and innovate to keep expanding. Innovation is the key to maintaining greater shares of their respective markets.
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Successful examples of the blue ocean model
You don’t always need to invent new industries to benefit from the blue ocean strategy.
Perhaps the most famous example of the blue ocean model is Cirque du Soleil. This renowned circus had to get creative during a period of crisis in the fiercely competitive circus industry.
Many attributes that had long defined the circus were simply no longer trendy. Cirque du Soleil developed a new concept that eliminated animals from the show and focused on high-quality dance and live performances. This new direction allowed the company to expand its audience and increase ticket prices.
Other successful examples of the Blue Ocean shift include:
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Instead of competing directly with existing IT infrastructure providers, AWS revolutionized the industry by providing on-demand, scalable cloud services that allowed businesses to avoid significant upfront hardware investments.

AWS offered a unique value proposition by providing on-demand, scalable cloud services. This framework allowed businesses to avoid large upfront hardware investments and pay only for what they used. Its strategy meant that startups could now afford agile, enterprise-grade infrastructure, which allowed SaaS industries to thrive.
Zoom
Now a staple part of many people’s lives, Zoom was a lesser-known tool a decade ago, carving its way into the mainstream.
Zoom aimed to capture an underserved market segment by making its solution widely available. Rather than competing by adding more features to the existing model, it made its solution simpler to use, offered free and low-cost plans and improved call quality.

Zoom’s focus on making video conferencing more accessible, affordable and user-friendly separated it from existing complex and costly video calling solutions.
Uber
Uber’s new approach to taxi services upended the beliefs of industry players that their market was beyond disruption. Rather than competing with existing taxi companies on their terms, Uber carved out a new market space by leveraging mobile technology to address customers’ pain points around booking a taxi.

Offering a convenient and often cheaper alternative helped Uber generate demand for a previously unavailable service. Its cashless payment option made taxis more convenient. Uber also incentivized high-quality customer service with its rating system, which traditional taxi services lacked.
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Final thoughts
Companies, startups and entrepreneurs that adopt the blue ocean strategy consciously make strategic moves to venture into uncharted waters alone instead of swimming with the current.
Here, they discover less competition but must create demand within a new target audience to establish a unique selling proposition and achieve long-term success.
This strategy highlights the value of innovating beyond the crowded marketplace, offering new solutions that differentiate from the competition and redefine the playing field to secure a sustainable competitive advantage and greater market share.
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Credit: Original article published here.